Gum Disease: Periodontal Disease and Gingivitis
Do you know the difference between periodontal disease, gum disease and pyorrhea? There is no difference, they are synonymous terms. Periodontal disease is the most common disease in the world, it is estimated that over 70% of the adult population in this country have some periodontal problems.
Gingivitis is infection or inflamation of the gum tissue, but does not effect the bone support around the teeth. Symptoms can be bleeding, swollen gums, that can be sensitive to brushing and flossing. Gingivitis can have no apparent symptems that you are aware of. That is why it is important to get regular check ups with your dentist and hygienist. Gingivitis is curable and reversible with the proper treatment.
Peridontal disease is a chronic infection that slowly attacks and destroys the gums and bone that support the teeth. The fact that it is a chronic disease means that a person can not be "cured", rather they must work at controlling the factors which will bring on the full disease process. Other examples of chronic disease are heart disease and diabetes - they can be managed, but not cured.
Periodontal screenings are performed at each hygiene appointment. A periodontal probe is used to painlessly measure the depth of the gum pocket. With very little pressure the probe is slipped down next to the root of the tooth until there is resistance. The mark which is then at the gum line demonstrates the depth of the gum pocket. Healthy gums do have pockets but they don't bleed and are no deeper than 3mm.
Healthy Tissue
No periodontal disease. No bleeding or puffy gums. Gum pockets all measure to a normal 3mm or less.
Gingivitis
Gums bleed when measured. They are puffy, but pockets are no deeper than 3mm. There is no damage to the supporting bone in this stage. Could develop into periodontal disease without proper treatment.
Mild to Moderate Periodontitis
Increased bleeding along gum line. Puffy gums with pocket measuring from 3 to 5mm. Beginning bone loss.
Severe Periodontitis
Bleeding and swollen gums with pockets that will measure up to 6mm and more. Increased bone loss and the root surface is exposed. Teeth can start to be loss/mobile, and tooth loss can begin to happen.